Is Hockey Being Lost As A Canadian Game Essays -

Is Hockey Being Lost as a Canadian Game? Hockey, to many Canadians it is their favourite sport or pastime. This game is a part of Canadian's heritage. Although with the ongoing ?Americanizing? of Canada, it is only a matter of time before Canada's game is changed as well. The NHL, National Hockey League, is the professional league for hockey. In the past, and still today, Canadians have made up the greater part of the leagues players. The article NHL Melting Pot gives statistics and a graph of which nationalities were and are playing in the league. In 1967, Canadian born players made up nearly 97% of the NHL. ?With the influx of players from other countries, the NHL is beginning to look like the United Nations on ice.? (Card#3) Now Canadians are only 66.2% of the population in the league. The American born players are slowly sneaking up at 16.6%, the second largest nationality. The gap does not look that tight, however when you consider the time in which this jump has taken place, it will get closer sooner instead of later. In the article, ?The New Ice Age? it gives statistics on the recent jump in American and other players into the NHL. In 1983, out of 21 teams there were 409 Canadian born players to 68 American born players and 47 European players (Only showing the top 25 players on each teams roster). In 1992, out of 24 teams there were 396 Canadian born players to 101 American players and a surprising 103 Europeans (Only showing the top 25 players on each of the teams). ? The increase of American and European players in recent years is changing the look of the NHL.? (Card#2) The American, and European invasion is making hockey everyone's game and not just Canada's. Why would this bother Canadians? Why not share their national pride in hockey? Many Canadians feel that hockey is the last thing that they can truly call their own. ? Hockey Night In Canada has been one of the five most- watched television shows here (Canada) every year since the dawn of television, and, in Parliament, a National Hockey Caucus monitors the Canadian-ness of the game.? (Card#5) This was said by Ken Dryden, a former NHL player in an interview with reporter Mary Williams Walsh is Saskatchewan. Dryden says that one by one the things that Canada stands for and its time honoured institutions are being dismantled. The fear is that in the end, Canada's culture and society will be indistinguishable from the U.S. , ? Hockey is more than the Canadian national pastime: it is a passion, a cultural icon, as tied up in the it-ness of Canada as soccer is to Brazil or the bullfight to Spain.? Card#5) All across the country nationalist's see hockey as another precious piece of the country slipping away into the American market. The NHL itself which used to be dominated by Canadians is even becoming more and more like the other U.S. leagues as far as the way it is run and the players involved. The Winnipeg Jets were yet another Canadian team that had to move to the U.S. This is becoming a normal event for Northern teams. The ?Cities to the South? are saying they have bigger markets and the money to do better. The NHL, according to Dryden, is not concerned with the game anymore, only the money. This is where the difference between Canadian thought and American thinking comes into play. Canadians are concerned with the game because it's theirs, American's see the game as a money making opportunity and a business. Gary Bettman , the commissioner of the NHL, has not made matters any better, or easier. In 1996 the Winnipeg Jets left Winnipeg for Phoenix Arizona, with absolutely no sympathy from Gary Bettman. Thousands of upset fans went out onto the ice after the game, and stayed for a long, long time. ? We thought Gary Bettman was going to be the saviour of the NHL. All he did was Americanize the product.? said long time season ticket holder Ron Wersch. The Jets were just another team in the loss to the American market. The Quebec Nordiques moved to Colorado a couple of years ago as well. And threats of losing more teams such as the Calgary Flames or the Edmonton Oilers or the Ottawa Senators are always lingering in the air. For many Canadian hockey lovers this does not sit very well. One of those die hards is Don Cherry. Cherry is a retired coach Is Hockey Being Lost As A Canadian Game Essays - Is Hockey Being Lost as a Canadian Game? Hockey, to many Canadians it is their favourite sport or pastime. This game is a part of Canadian's heritage. Although with the ongoing ?Americanizing? of Canada, it is only a matter of time before Canada's game is changed as well. The NHL, National Hockey League, is the professional league for hockey. In the past, and still today, Canadians have made up the greater part of the leagues players. The article NHL Melting Pot gives statistics and a graph of which nationalities were and are playing in the league. In 1967, Canadian born players made up nearly 97% of the NHL. ?With the influx of players from other countries, the NHL is beginning to look like the United Nations on ice.? (Card#3) Now Canadians are only 66.2% of the population in the league. The American born players are slowly sneaking up at 16.6%, the second largest nationality. The gap does not look that tight, however when you consider the time in which this jump has taken place, it will get closer sooner instead of later. In the article, ?The New Ice Age? it gives statistics on the recent jump in American and other players into the NHL. In 1983, out of 21 teams there were 409 Canadian born players to 68 American born players and 47 European players (Only showing the top 25 players on each teams roster). In 1992, out of 24 teams there were 396 Canadian born players to 101 American players and a surprising 103 Europeans (Only showing the top 25 players on each of the teams). ? The increase of American and European players in recent years is changing the look of the NHL.? (Card#2) The American, and European invasion is making hockey everyone's game and not just Canada's. Why would this bother Canadians? Why not share their national pride in hockey? Many Canadians feel that hockey is the last thing that they can truly call their own. ? Hockey Night In Canada has been one of the five most- watched television shows here (Canada) every year since the dawn of television, and, in Parliament, a National Hockey Caucus monitors the Canadian-ness of the game.? (Card#5) This was said by Ken Dryden, a former NHL player in an interview with reporter Mary Williams Walsh is Saskatchewan. Dryden says that one by one the things that Canada stands for and its time honoured institutions are being dismantled. The fear is that in the end, Canada's culture and society will be indistinguishable from the U.S. , ? Hockey is more than the Canadian national pastime: it is a passion, a cultural icon, as tied up in the it-ness of Canada as soccer is to Brazil or the bullfight to Spain.? Card#5) All across the country nationalist's see hockey as another precious piece of the country slipping away into the American market. The NHL itself which used to be dominated by Canadians is even becoming more and more like the other U.S. leagues as far as the way it is run and the players involved. The Winnipeg Jets were yet another Canadian team that had to move to the U.S. This is becoming a normal event for Northern teams. The ?Cities to the South? are saying they have bigger markets and the money to do better. The NHL, according to Dryden, is not concerned with the game anymore, only the money. This is where the difference between Canadian thought and American thinking comes into play. Canadians are concerned with the game because it's theirs, American's see the game as a money making opportunity and a business. Gary Bettman , the commissioner of the NHL, has not made matters any better, or easier. In 1996 the Winnipeg Jets left Winnipeg for Phoenix Arizona, with absolutely no sympathy from Gary Bettman. Thousands of upset fans went out onto the ice after the game, and stayed for a long, long time. ? We thought Gary Bettman was going to be the saviour of the NHL. All he did was Americanize the product.? said long time season ticket holder Ron Wersch. The Jets were just another team in the loss to the American market. The Quebec Nordiques moved to Colorado a couple of years ago as well. And threats of losing more teams such as the Calgary Flames or the Edmonton Oilers or the Ottawa Senators are always lingering in the air. For many Canadian hockey lovers this does not sit very well. One of those die hards is Don Cherry. Cherry is a retired coach

8 consejos para elegir buen abogado de migración en USA

8 consejos para elegir buen abogado de migracià ³n en USA En muchas ocasiones, usted podr llenar directamente la planilla de inmigracià ³n que precise. Depender de su nivel de inglà ©s, de su comprensià ³n de tà ©rminos legales y de la sencillez o complejidad de su caso. La ley incluso permite a los migrantes representarse a sà ­ mismo en corte migratoria. Sin embargo esta opcià ³n no siempre es recomendable. Lo cierto es que contratar a un buen abogado migratorio es clave en muchos casos para evitar problemas y demoras innecesarios, siendo su intervencià ³n especialmente de importancia en los casos que se resuelven en corte migratoria. Las estadà ­sticas demuestran que hay una gran divergencia entre casos ganados con abogados y los pocos ganados sin el asesoramiento de un abogado. Hay que tener presente que en los asuntos de inmigracià ³n, el gobierno de Estados Unidos no proporciona un abogado en ningà ºn caso, incluso cuando hay que presentarse en corte y no se puede pagar a uno porque no se tiene dinero. En estos casos, se comparece sin ayuda legal o se intenta hacer un esfuerzo y buscar a un abogado, incluso a uno que actà ºe pro bono, es decir, sin cobrar en casos concretos. Para el caso de nià ±os detenidos en la frontera, se recomienda informarse sobre quà ©Ã‚  organizaciones que brindan gratuitamente ayuda legal para estos menores. Cundo elegir abogado es muy recomendable Pero habr situaciones en lo que lo ms recomendable es contar con la ayuda de un profesional que le ayude a presentar a tiempo todos los papeles necesarios y a representarlo, si fuera necesario,ante las autoridades migratorias o la corte. Adems, tenga en cuenta que las leyes migratorias cambian con frecuencia, y lo que funcionà ³ para un familiar o conocido hace unos aà ±os puede que ya no sea aplicable a su caso, aunque sean muy parecidos. Y asuntos privados como un divorcio o un casamiento o problemas que parecen poco importantes como una detencià ³n por conducir bajo la influencia del alcohol o drogas (DIU) pueden tener importantes efectos migratorios. Para casos como estos lo mejor es contar con un buen abogado. Y, por supuesto, para:   casos de deportacià ³n, para decidir cà ³mo lucharla o si solicitar una salida voluntaria o un aplazamiento de la deportacià ³n (tambià ©n conocido como suspensià ³n o stay)  presentarse a corte,  cà ³mo cambiar de estado una citacià ³n para presentarse en cortepeticià ³n de perdà ³n y evitar  errores en el waiver por presencia ilegalasilocondena o acusacià ³n de haber cometido una felonà ­aabuso de condiciones de visas de trabajo Hno respeto al salario mà ­nimo, incluidos los trabajadores indocumentadosproteccià ³n por violencia domà ©stica (VAWA)por ser và ­ctima de violencia,trfico humanodivorcio cuando la green card se ha obtenido por matrimonio,etc. Incluso casos que pueden parecer simples como solicitar la residencia permanente por matrimonio o los papeles para hermanos pueden ser -como se puede ver en esos enlaces- procesos largos que precisan de muchos papeles. Adems, recordar que en Estados Unidos sà ³lo abogados con licencia y representantes acreditados pueden brindar asesorà ­a legal. Los notarios no pueden hacerlo.   Sin embargo, la experiencia de miles de inmigrantes muestra que pocas decisiones como contar con un mal abogado pueden causar tantos disgustos, pà ©rdida de dinero, demoras en los trmites e incluso problemas serios con el Servicio de Naturalizacià ³n e Inmigracià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). 8 consejos para contratar a un buen abogado migratorio En primer lugar, pregunte: pida recomendaciones sobre abogados entre sus familiares, amigos y compaà ±eros de trabajo. Todo el mundo que ha utilizado los servicios de un abogado migratorio tiene una opinià ³n buena o mala. Elimine a los que reciben crà ­ticas razonables y haga un listado con los recomendados. Consulte tambià ©n con un par de organizaciones defensoras de los derechos de los inmigrantes ya que pueden ofrecerle tips valiosas. En segundo lugar, exija: es mejor que el abogado que se ocupe de su asunto se dedique a temas migratorios y no sea un especialista en todo. Pero asegà ºrese de que no se trata de un mega especialista en un tema migratorio que nada tiene que ver con su caso. Por ejemplo, poco le podr ayudar si su campo de especializacià ³n es el asilo polà ­tico si lo que usted que necesita es conseguir una green card para un familiar. En tercer lugar, verifique: consulte con la asociacià ³n de abogados de su estado -Bar Association- para asegurarse que el abogado que desea contratar tiene todas las licencias pertinentes y no ha sido sancionado por comportamientos poco profesionales. Puede buscar informacià ³n adicional en asociaciones como la AILA, la asociacià ³n de abogados de inmigracià ³n con ms de 11,000 afiliados. Hay que resaltar que los denominados consultores de inmigracià ³n y notarios no actà ºan legalmente en todos los estados y que el USCIS no los considera personas con capacidad para representarle a usted ante la Administracià ³n o en Corte, ni tampoco para brindar asesorà ­a legal migratoria. Sin embargo sà ­ estn autorizados para llenar formularios, pero nada ms. En cuarto lugar, compare: muchos abogados le ofrecern la oportunidad de tener gratis una primera cita. Aproveche para entrevistarse con unos cuantos. El abogado le debe dar confianza. Usted debe sentirse cà ³modo para explicarle bien su caso y hacerle todas las preguntas que considere necesarias.Debe quedar bien claro cul es su tarifa, cà ³mo trabaja, cul es su experiencia en y cà ³mo y se van a comunicar durante el caso. En quinto lugar, elija al mejor para su caso: no se deje llevar por el impulso de escoger a un abogado de su paà ­s de origen o a uno que hable espaà ±ol por esas razones. Elija simplemente al que usted cree que es el mejor para llevar su caso. Si usted no se siente cà ³modo hablando en inglà ©s y el abogado que le gusta no habla espaà ±ol pida la ayuda de un intà ©rprete. Hoy en dà ­a es muy comà ºn que las oficinas de abogados de inmigracià ³n tengan al menos una persona para comunicarse con efectividad con los hispanohablantes. En sexto lugar, no elija un abogado solamente porque es el que trabaja ms barato. A veces lo barato sale caro, pero tampoco elija al que pide los honorarios ms altos sà ³lo por esa razà ³n. Compare precios y los servicios, experiencia y atencià ³n que se ofrecen a cambio y escoja lo que le parezca ms razonable. Y tenga claro si le va a cobrar una tarifa plana o le va a cobrar por hora y, en este à ºltimo caso, cà ³mo se contabilizan las gestiones. Estas son las  cuotas promedio que pueden cobrar los abogados,  dependiendo del tipo de trmite. En sà ©ptimo lugar, recuerde siempre que usted es el jefe (patrà ³n): una vez que ya tenga abogado, confà ­e en su eleccià ³n. Pero si honestamente cree que se ha equivocado con su eleccià ³n y que no le pone suficiente atencià ³n a su caso o que se olvida de notificaciones importantes o que no responde a las llamadas en un plazo razonable, considere la posibilidad de despedirlo y contratar a otro profesional. En octavo lugar: es su caso, no el de su abogado: usted debe tener un mà ­nimo entendimiento de cà ³mo estn las cosas, de quà © papeles son necesarios, quà © plazos hay que cumplir y cules son las consecuencias si algo se hace mal. Hay que ser especialmente cuidadoso con los plazos, ya que si no se respetan las consecuencias recaern sobre usted. Por ello, es recomendable que lleve al dà ­a un calendario y un pequeà ±o diario sobre el estado de sus diligencias ante las autoridades migratorias. Guarde copia de todas las cartas, gestiones, facturas y rà ©cords de pago. Recuerde que es usted la persona que sufrir o disfrutar las consecuencias de las decisiones del USCIS, no su abogado. Cà ³mo obtener asesorà ­a migratoria sin contratar a un abogado A veces por mucho que se quiera no se tiene el dinero para contratar a un abogado. Pero hay trmites que lo mejor siempre es contar con asesorà ­a legal. Intente encontrar a un abogado pro bono (que no cobra por un caso) para que se haga cargo del suyo. Otra opcià ³n es consultar con una organizacià ³n de apoyo a inmigrantes que puede prestar servicios legales migratorios a bajo costo o pueda referirlo a un abogado de tarifas moderadas y de confianza. Asimismo, los  mexicanos pueden solicitar ayuda para elegir abogado marcando gratuitamente al telà ©fono de la CIAM, donde pueden referir a abogados reputados expertos en el tema que le interesa a cada migrante.   Si usted cree que ha sido và ­ctima de un fraude migratorio, puede reportarlo anà ³nimamente marcando al telà ©fono de ICE  1-866-347-2423.   Finalmente, à ©ste es un listado de telà ©fonos a los que se puede marcar para informarse sobre trmites relacionados con migracià ³n, como arrestos, detenciones, trmites con USCIS, etc. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Arabic Version of The Da Vinci Code Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Arabic Version of The Da Vinci Code - Essay Example Culture plays a key role in good translation. Likewise, a good translation transmits language with simple terms and phrases that can be understood by simple folk in a way that the meaning is not lost or is almost similar with that of the source text. How do you say "the mother of God" if that is not clearly understood in the target language, like in the Muslim or Arab world Muslims understand Mary as the mother of the "prophet" Jesus but not as the mother of God. Culture specific terms have to be dealt with clearly, i.e. the actual message being conveyed by the source language must be the message and meaning that should be understood by the target language. Two cultures are involved in the process. Translation is still highly valued and is required for science, politics, diplomacy, education, literature and many other uses. Although translating for all the variety of purposes is subject to many rules with many books and theories written on methods, translating works of literature alone stands out as most problematic. As Hatim and Mason (1990, p.188) argue, the more culture bound a text is, the more scope there may be for modification. "Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language" (Newmark, 1981, cited in Hariyanto, S.) Translating a sentence of the Da Vinci Code from English to Arabic requires a lot of skill and knowledge to be able to convey the real intention and meaning from the source text to target language. There are many considerations in this translation. Two cultures have to be properly understood in going into the meaning and message of the whole literature or book. Words are not translated literally but should be translated in such a way that they can be read between the lines, the way it should be understood by the Arab audience. Cultural elements within translation have been researched; authors such as Dickens, Harvey and Baker have discussed the techniques used in order to circumvent problems. They suggest four degrees of cultural transposition, from the extreme exoticism to the other extreme, cultural transplantation, with two intermediate degrees, cultural borrowing and communicative translation. Cultural transposition by Dickins et al. will, therefore, be the focus of this research. Research Questions: 1. What is translation 2. What is the relation between language and culture - translation and culture 3. What is faithfulness in translation And should the translator be faithful to the source text or target text 4. How should the translator deal with culture-specific terms in a text 5. Do the books I am going to examine meet the needs and expectations of their readers

Role of women in colonial America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of women in colonial America - Essay Example In United States, early involvement of women can be traced before colonization of the country up to independence. While contribution of women is viewed to be minor, American women played significant role in colonizing the country, establishing the American identity and in the independence movement. 1Ann Bleeker identified three different categories of women in America. They include African American, native Indians and the Europeans. These groups of women came from very distinct backgrounds and they played different roles in colonizing and establishing the foundation of America. 2Bleeker noted that women who had settled in America from European continent had specific roles in the society. These roles included preparing food for the family, weaving, in addition to rearing and educating the children. The Jewish women were not an exception and 3Helena noted that they performed similar traditional roles just like women who had settled in America from Europe in the sixteenth century. 4Murr ay noted that women were not allowed to hold leadership positions or have social organization of their own. Their major occupation was home making but few owned property that they had mainly inherited from their families.

Economic Miracle in Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Economic Miracle in Japan - Essay Example Although by definition, a miracle is inexplicable, the basic cause behind Japan's economic success can perhaps be explained in simple terms: the indomitable desire of the Japanese people to grow, their deeply persistent will to succeed at any cost. Between 1945 and 1970, the Japanese economy sustained an unprecedented annual growth rate of nearly ten percent on average (Kosai). But this in itself would seem like a minor detail in comparison to the stupendous driving force that compelled the Japanese people to race towards technological excellence and economic supremacy, most notably during 1960's. In the second-half of 1960's Japan reached a peak of economic progress, with an average of nearly 12% real annual growth rate. And for nearly 40 years surrounding this peak period, the country and its people subordinated all other goals in order to single-mindedly pursue their ambition of catching up with the U.S. economy (Crawford). In fact, their ambition knew no bounds; the aggressive st rain so characteristic of Japanese men, which was employed for the purposes of destruction during the War, was rechannelled into more positive and constructive directions during the years of the economic boom. Consequently, Japan thrived, and even today, as well as for geneartions to come, represents a legendary story of success, an inspiration and exemplar for scores of developing nations in Asia and elsewhere. In fact, Japan should become an inspiration to itself. If this nation could pull it off once - this so-called economic miracle - it can pull it off again. All it needs is a push! While circumstances associated with Japan's days of glory may be at sharp variance from those of today, and while many of its past economic policies stand discredited today, and its culture too is changing fast - deep down, the spirit of this ancient nation remains as powerfully vital as ever. Above all, miracles have to do with spirit - of which Japan perhaps does not need too much before it again becomes a force to be reckoned with. Factors contributing to Japan's High Growth Rate: Although Japan's spectacular economic growth culminating towards the end of 1960's may initially give the impression of not being subject to rational analysis, in the same manner as a painting of supreme artisitry or as a deeply touching Zen haiku, it too is as much a cause-and-effect phenomenon as any other worldly matter. Japan is the purest example of what has become known as a producer economic state. But what lies behind this country's remarkable and record-breaking productivity levels Advances in knowledge, for one thing. Japan's economic success was achieved to a great extent on the basis of a superior technological know-how. The Japanese had the intellectual capacity to soak in vast amounts of knowledge necessary to stay at par with any other nation in our modern techonology-dominated world - and they put their intellects at the service of technology with a vengeance. They not only were able to ingeniously adopt the latest technologies, they actually adapted it to their own needs, and were moreover setting a number of innovative trends in a wide variety of technology-intensive industries. But even more than the share of knowledge, at least

Factors Influencing Family Lifestyle

Factors Influencing Family Lifestyle The family issues can always attract public attention, because it is so close to peoples life. As Kephart claimed that the family is one of the older social institutions which could be found in almost all societies (1961:3). This report will argue that the family turned into diversity as a result of the varied demands of individual while the alterations of household could affect society in social services, government policy and social safety. There is no denying that the development of society could also influence the family lifestyle. Initially, this report will look at the history of the family. Secondly, this report will introduce the changing nature of the family and the situation of several types of household( cohabitation, lone-parent families, homosexual families ) that have appeared recently. Specifically, what family means to society will be illustrated-family is not an abstract word, but a basic part for society. Finally, this report will analyse the role of the family has played in society and the impact of changes on British society. 2. History Generally, family is categorized as two basic models: nuclear family and extended family. Nuclear family includes parents and their children while extended family is a family group with a close relationship among the members that includes parents, children and relatives (Oxford , 2005). As Eversley and Bonnerjea (1982:75) said, Victorian family (between 1830 and 1870) has played an important role in the development about the modern family: whatever forms the contemporary family takes, it is usually considered as a deviation from this supposed former norm, in other words, the Victorian family is the earliest ancestor for families of British society. Until the 1980s, it was popular within sociology to talk about the family cycle. Inherent in this notion was the idea that people typically followed a similar family pathway (Allan and Crow, 2001:2). In contemporary society, families have changed from formation and conditions over time. The average household size fell from 2.9 persons per household in 1971 to 2.4 in 2006 (ONS Focus on Families, 2007). Nowadays, there is no typical example of families, such as single-parent families, cohabiting, step-families, and so on (Harding, 1996). Actually, family could provides a wide range of functions which include socialization, social placement, material and emotional security, child rearing and economic cooperation (Morris and Winter, 1978:46 ; Allan and Crow, 2001:19-20). Families determine the outcomes for children, adults, community and society. Such as in the family, parents bring up children, give them encouragement with love and a good relationship between family members could contribute harmonious development on the community and society as well (Cabinet Office Families in Britain, 2008). So that family could be seen as valuable to the society and to individual. 3. Current Situation A recent survey showed that 80 percent of people really think that family is more important to them than their friends in British society (Ipsos MORI Real Trends, 2008). As an institution, family is altering continually. Since 1971, the proportion of all people living in traditional family households of married couples with dependent children has fallen from 52% to 37% in Britain (BBC, 2007). Today, people usually get later marriage, the one possible factor of this situation might be women paying more attention to their career. It is a common phenomenon to live together without marrying. The number of cohabiting couple families increased from 1.4 million to 2.3 million between 1996 and 2006 (ONS Focus on Family, 2007). More and more children are born outside of marriage, especially occurred among cohabiting couples families. A recent survey showed that the rate of births outside marriage has risen from about 10% in 1971 to over 40% in 2006 (ONS Population Trends No.132, 2008). Meanwh ile, married couples also have some problems. According to a statistics, there is a increased number of divorces around 26 thousand in 1950 to over 155 thousand in 2005. Compared with many other developed countries, Britain keep the higher rate in divorce until 2005 (ONS Marriage Stats 2006 (Provisional), 2008). 4. Analyse the Effect The family could be claimed as an economic and social institution (Jagger and Wright, 1999:3). No matter which form the family is, it seems that family could influence the society both in positive and negative aspect whilst be impacted by social environment. 4.1 Major institution in society In order to support the family, people have to hunt for a job. Individual plays essential role in different working areas, such as the large number of workers are employed in the services sector, a minority in industry and a little proportion in agriculture (Oakland , 2006:170). Those people create necessity for public need and make income for their family, thus there is a situation that the family workers fulfill the social demands while create wealth. Meanwhile, the family could be impacted by the external environment. For instance, financial crisis hit British families since 2008. According to research, the conflict between parents occurred frequently due to them worrying about the economic risk, therefore, a number of children suffered a hard period during the financial crisis (Hawthorne et al, 2003). Furthermore, families contribute childrens growth. The new generation is the force of the society continually developing. In order to make sure the better outcome for children, pare nts have to balance childrens state of being fully developed while make the children being a part of family and society by providing love, encouragement and guidance (Bornstein and Bornstein, 2007). 4.2 Cohabitation In contemporary society, public attitudes of sexual relationships have moved forward, thus cohabitation has been accepted by a majority of people (Allan and Crow, 2001:64). Review the recent two decades, the number of people who cohabit has rapidly raised (Oakland , 2006:190). When the divorce were difficult to achieve, people likely choose cohabitation (Kiernan, 2002:3). There are several factors enable adults to cohabit, one of the factors is decreasing the living cost. Men and women live together and share the expenses of daily necessities. Moreover, living together lead to learn more about each other. It is an opportunity to test whether the person suit to the other party (Allan and Crow, 2001:67-68). In turn, there is not any data (no data) shows that cohabitation could be helpful to marriage living, meanwhile, some statistics prove that if some people married after cohabiting, they had higher rate to divorce (Popenoe and Whitehead, ?:2 [reference: should we live together]). Peo ple in cohabitation families maintain the relationship rely on 4.3 Lone-parent families The proportion of children living in lone-parent families in Great Britain more than tripled between 1972 and spring 2006 to 24 per cent(11 _04_07_social_trends) Children living with single parents may be at higher risk of experiencing physical and sexual abuse and neglect than children living with two biological parents. Single parent households are substantially more likely to have incomes below the poverty line. Lower income, the increased stress associated with the sole burden of family responsibilities, and fewer supports are thought to contribute to the risk of single parents maltreating their children. In 1998, 23 percent of children lived in households with a single mother, and 4 percent lived in households with a single father. A strong, positive relationship between the child and the father, whether he resides in the home or not, contributes to the childs development and may lessen the risk of abuse. In addition, studies have found that compared to similar non-neglecting families, neglectful families tend to have more children or greater numbers of people living in the household. Chronically neglecting families often are characteriz ed by a chaotic household with changing constellations of adult and child figures (e.g., a mother and her children who live on and off with various others, such as the mothers mother, the mothers sister, or a boyfriend). (http://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/foundation/foundatione.cfm) 4.4 Homosexual families 5. Recommendation As a result of what have mentioned, the government is considered that should establish reasonable policy for different type families. Trying to improve the marriage rate, create employment opportunities for lone parent, pay more attention to the mental health of single-parent children and provide help for them. Ensuring each kind of families getting equal rights include homosexual families. Honestly, family is the fundamental part of the society, making each unit running normally is one possible way to boost the development of society. 6. Conclusion In summary, under several period changing, the family developed into many forms, it all depends on individual needs, so that the changing to the family is an inevitable phenomenon. For the society, its development rely on each familys growing, such as changes to household required a development of services, domestic variety created new demands on government policy, and some of the new type families led to social crisis. Meantime, it could be found that the social environment influenced family lifestyle. Therefore, a interaction between families and society could be discovered. Allan, G. and Crow, G. (2001). Families, households and society. New York: Palgrave. BBC (2007). One-parent families on the rise. Retrieved October 7th,2010 from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6542031.stm Bornstein, L. and Bornstein, M. H. (2007). Parenting styles and child social development. Encyclopedia on early childhood development. Montreal: Centre of excellence for early childhood development. Cabinet Office/The Strategy Unit. (2008). Families in Britain: An Evidence Paper, Department for Children, Schools and Families. Elliot, F. R. (1996). Gender, family and society. London: Macmillan Press Eversley, D. and Bonnerjea, L. (1982). Social change and indicators of diversity. in Rapoport, R. N. , Fogarty, M. P. and Rapoport, R. (1982). Families in Britain.(p.75). London: Routledge Kegan Paul Harding, L. (1996). Family, State Social Policy. London: Macmillan Press Hawthorne, J., Jessop, J., Pryor, J. and Richards, M. (2003). Supporting children through family change: a review of interventions and services for children of divorcing and separating parents. London: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Ipsos MORI Real Trends (2008) self-completion and online. Base: 2,019 British adults 16+, 9th May 5th June. Jagger, G. and Wright, C. (1999). Changing family values. London: Routledge Jenkins, DRS. , Pereira, I. and Evans, N. ( date unknown ). Families in Britain, The impact of changing family structures and what the public think. London: Ipsos MORI and Policy Exchange. Kephart, W. M. (1961). The family, society, and the individual. Cambridge: The Riberside Press Morris, E. W. and Winter, M. (1978). Housing, family, and society. Canada: John Wiley Sons Oakland, J. (2006). British civilization: an introduction. New York: Routledge Office for National Statistics (2007) Focus on Families: increase in families mainly cohabiting couples. Retrieved October 7th,2010 from:http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/fofam1007.pdf Office for National Statistics (2008) Marriage Stats 2006 (Provisional) cited in Cabinet Office/ The Strategy Unit (2008) Families in Britain: An Evidence Paper, Department for Children, Schools and Families. P26. Office for National Statistics (2007) Population Trends 132. cited in Cabinet Office/ The Strategy Unit (2008) Families in Britain: An Evidence Paper, Department for Children, Schools and Families. P28. Oxford Dictionary of English. (2005). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rowlingson, K. and Mckay, S. (2002). Lone parent families: gender, class and state. Great Britain: Pearson Education Limited

Essay on Irony in Twelfth Night -- Twelfth Night essays

         Realizing that her disguise has produced unexpected results, Viola makes an allusion to the Gordon knot in order to describe the perceived difficulty of extricating herself from the confusion. Viola, in the act of reinterpreting herself as a man for the main purpose of protection, has found herself the body from which other characters can derive their own interpretations.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I am man,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My state is desperate for my master's love:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I am woman (now alas the day!)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What thriftless sighs shall poor Olivia breathe?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O time, thou must untangle this, not I,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is too hard a knot for me t'untie. Viola.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2.2.35-40)    Just as easily as a soft "chev'ril glove" may be turned inside out, especially when it is pulled off to uncover the hand, Viola's position in the play, in relation to the other characters, can be seen as one that leads to a flexible play of ideas that reveal multiple meanings, contradictory or otherwise.    This essay will show how the ironic positions of the main characters, in relation to Viola, in Twelfth Night contribute and then undermine the comic theme of the play, and finally, with certain dramatic license, reinstate it, thus complicating positions of evaluation at certain points in the play.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Twelfth Night, one finds that the combined romantic and comic aspects of the main plot stem mainly from the theme of mistaken gender identity. In dealing with this theme, it is necessary to note that Viola's disguise as a man is assumed to be opaque by the aud... ... Grief, Karen. "Plays and Playing in Twelfth Night". Bloom (47-60). Kreiger, Elliot. "Malvolio and Class Ideology". Bloom (19-26). Nevo, Ruth. Comic Transformations in Shakespeare. London: Methuen & Co., 1980. Osborne, Laurie E. The Trick of Singularity: Twelfth Night and the Performance Editions. Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 1996. Rosenberg, Marvin. "Subtext in Shakespeare". Thompson, Marvin, and Ruth Thompson, eds. Shakespeare and the Sense of Performance. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1989. (79-90). Shakespeare, William. The Arden Edition of the Works of William Shakespeare: Twelfth Night. Ed. J. M. Lothian and T.W. Craik. UK: Methuen & Co., 1975. Thatcher, David. Begging to Differ: Modes of Discrepancy in Shakespeare. New York: Peter Lang, 1999. Vickers, Brian. Appropriating Shakespeare: Contemporary Critical Quarrels. New Haven: Yale U P, 1993